How to Study History Terms for a Test

Step by step instructions to Study History Terms for a Test At the point when you study terms and definitions for a history test, the most ideal approach to make the data stick is to comprehend your terms in setting or see how each new jargon word identifies with other new words and realities. In secondary school, your instructors will cover what occurred ever. As you proceed onward to school history courses, you will be relied upon to know why an occasion occurred and the reasons every occasion is significant. This is the reason history tests contain such a significant number of expositions or long-answer questions. You have a great deal of disclosing to do! Accumulate History Terms Now and again an educator will give understudies an investigation control that contains a rundown of potential terms for the test. As a general rule, the rundown will be long and threatening. A portion of the words may appear spic and span to you! On the off chance that the educator doesnt give a rundown, you should think of one yourself. Experience your notes and the parts to think of an exhaustive rundown. Dont be overpowered by an extensive rundown of terms. Youll see that they immediately become natural once you begin to survey your notes. The rundown will appear to be shorter and shorter as you study. To start with, youll need to find the terms in your group notes. Underline them or circle them, however dont utilize a hued highlighter at this time. Survey your notes and see which terms showed up around the same time or talk. Set up connections between the terms. How are they connected?Pretend that you are composing a news report on the occasion or topicâ and compose a passage that contains three or four of those terms. Your passage ought to contain a date and the names of any notable individual who may be identified with the essentialness of the occasions or terms (like a president).Keep composing sections until you go through your terms. You can re-utilize a term on the off chance that one term fits well with at least two clusters. This is something worth being thankful for! The more you rehash a term, the more youll comprehend its importance. When you have got done with making and perusing your sections, figure out how to use your best learning style. Study Tips Visual: Go back to your notes and utilize a highlighter to interface your terms. For instance, feature each term in one passage green, feature terms from another section yellow, and so forth. Make a rundown of critical individuals and spots for every occasion arranged on the course of events. Thenâ draw a clear course of events and fill in the subtleties without taking a gander at your unique. Perceive how much material you held. Likewise, tryâ putting the course of events on post-it notes and glue them around your room. Stroll around and effectively note every occasion. Remember that its not helpful to retain a huge index of notes on a theme. Or maybe, its increasingly compelling toâ establish aâ connection between the facts. Think about occasions in aâ logical request to assist you with getting them, and think about the utilization of psyche maps, a various leveled graph used to outwardly sort out data. Sound-related: Find an account gadget to record yourself as you read over each passage gradually. Tune in to your chronicle a few times. Material: Make cheat sheets by putting all the terms on one side of a card and the whole section on the other side. Orâ put an inquiry on one side (eg, What year did the Civil War happen?) and afterward the appropriate response on the opposite side to test yourself. Rehash your procedure until each term appears to be totally natural to you. Youll be prepared to answer singular definitions, long and short answer questions, and exposition questions!

Napoleon Was NOT a Son of the Revolution Essay -- European History

Toward the finish of the French Revolution, the expectations of the beginning periods of the Revolution had been damaged, driving into the Reign of Terror. France had broken up into political agitation, with inside and global disturbance. It was out of the outside wars that Napoleon came to control. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to control, triumph by triumph, in the end making himself Emperor of France, making a solid focal government while proceeding with the remote wars, making a mass French Empire. In spite of the fact that Napoleon was a result of the French Revolution and kept up the picture as a â€Å"son of the Revolution,† vision constantly tumbled to practicality as Napoleon’s fundamental object was making a solid bound together France. Napoleon’s arrangements mirrored a portion of the goals of Enlightenment thought and he looked to spread them across Europe as he prevailed. One of the center convictions of the Enlightenment is that the universe is methodical and that there are regular laws that apply to everybody. Despite the fact that what these rights were was up to discuss, the focal thought was that everybody ought to have them. As Napoleon vanquished Europe he applied similar laws to everyone, all over. This arrangement of laws is known as the Code Napoleon. A portion of the laws implemented by the Code Napoleon can be seen in Napoleon’s Imperial Decree at Madrid, where Napoleon annulled medieval rights, for example, clichés, just as holding onto church terrains to be circulated among the individuals. Different moves he made were making â€Å"constitutions† that made laws that applied to all individuals similarly and couldn't be adjusted spontaneously. These are similar activities taken d uring the French insurgency applied to every other zone. Actually, the guarantees of these changes gave Napoleon’s powers supporters in the nations he sei... ...gery he utilized. Napoleon’s rule was incredibly impacted by the Enlightenment thoughts, yet he was not a â€Å"son of the Revolution.† Louis Bergeron looked at Napoleon as an edified autocrat, saying, â€Å"the dynamism of Bonaparte and his thorough organization restored the trial of illuminated imperialism, fairly belatedly, since in the setting of Western Europe it was at that point somewhat out of date.† Napoleon resembled an edified dictator as he maintained total force while empowering lawful and social balance for all classes of individuals (that weren’t him). What makes Napoleon novel among illumination autocrats is that he organized his picture to seem, by all accounts, to be something different. The disparities between the picture he introduced and the individual he was makes space for translation concerning whether Napoleon was a tyrant, an edified dictator, or a boss of the insurgency.

There is Nothing Inevitable About Democracy An Interview with Marilynne Robinson

There is Nothing Inevitable About Democracy An Interview with Marilynne Robinson I spoke to one of Book Riots perennial favorite authors, Marilynne Robinson, about some of the subjects she touches upon in her new  book,  The Givenness of Things.  In this thoughtful collection of essays Robinson explores such topics as fear, cultural pessimism, gun violence, and the place of the arts alongside science. The collection is thought-provoking, important, and imbued throughout with her characteristic grace and humanity. Robinson was recently  listed in Time Magazines list of 100 Most Influential People as an Icon, which certainly befits her. We hear a lot of worried hand-wringing about the state of literature and the state of reading in America. What do you think? At Book Riot we are surrounded constantly by excited readers. In June you will be speaking at the Printers Row Lit Fest in Chicago which will attract over 150,000 book lovers. Are you optimistic about readers and reading in our country today? Americans are always saying things about Americansâ€"they’re fat or intellectually lazy or materialistic or whatever. One of my regrets in life is that I ever paid attention to any of this. There are more than 300 million of us, after all, and as heterogeneous a population as has ever existed anywhere. I think this should discourage generalization in any case, and especially the kind of generalization that tends to be ungenerous and incurious. We have an enormous outpouring of books every year, and I think I am not cynical in pointing out that this would not be the case if no one bought them. Writers in other countries dream of being published in this country because the readership is potentially so very large. And books written by Americans are held in high regard in every part of the world I know of. I think a case could be made that our contemporary literature is extraordinarily strong, and that this is true in part because it has a vigorous readership. I know that reviews and o ther attention have been cut in recent years, a predictable attempt to get ahead of the curve of decline. But the phenomenon flourishes none the less. When you sit down to write, who are you writing for? I’m trying to be faithful to what I experience as the voice of the novel. I suppose I could say that the novel itself is my first reader. As a reader, I am thrilled that you continue to return to the town of Gilead, Iowa. What draws you back there? How do you know when a project or piece is done? I have always been drawn to places that were my own, in the sense that I know them better or otherwise than anyone else doesâ€"they allow me to step outside conventional representations of them. I mentioned in the first answer that Americans tend to speak very dismissively of Americans. I know that a town, a household, even a mind, is always ample space for the unfolding of all the great questions. Gilead has been very adequate to my purposes. The work tells me when it is done, often sooner than I would wish. In your books you write about a Christian faith that is so full of grace and beauty. How do you reconcile this with the version of Christianity that is co-opted by modern politicians as a justification for intolerance and bigotry? I am filled withâ€"there are words I forbid myself, like contempt and disgust, which I would otherwise find useful here. I loved your new essay collection The Givenness of Things. In one essay in particular, you write about the role of fear in American politics. Do you think that a sector of Americans are voting for candidates like Donald Trump because they exploit this fear? Fear is a form of excitement, as the NRA, the horror movie industry and talk radio are well aware. It has been heavily marketed by Fox News. It disheartens me that so many people seem to have taken it on as a hobby or an addiction. There is a loss of personal dignity involved in this. Why do Americans want to cower and fret when they are as safe, except from their own guns, as any mortal population that has ever lived? Yes, mortal. We all face an ultimate peril, like everyone who has ever lived. But the fact is that this country is unimaginably powerful, in part because of its stability.   Divisiveness is in fact dangerous. Encouraging hostility toward our own government or parts of our population, for the fun or the money involved, is deeply irresponsible. In your recent conversation with President Obama, you said that democracy in the United States used to be viewed as an achievement. I am 24 years old and that puts me in an age bracket with notoriously low voter turnout â€" do you think this speaks to your worry about us taking democracy for granted? Have we forgotten how much of a privilege it is to participate in a democracy? Is there an antidote to this? I think we have not educated ourselves very well about the origins of our democracy, over against the other kinds of government that had prevailed time out of mind and are still predominant in much of the world. The two crucial elements of democracy are self respect and mutual respect, and we should do all we can to encourage these in ourselves. It is true that we have fallen grievously short in this regard, and it is also true that when they assert themselves, notably in the Civil Rights movement, they have a grand authority. There is nothing inevitable about democracy. The difficulty of the attempt and the fragility of the result have been demonstrated in many places. Antagonism within populations are the great problem. We should be very serious about discouraging them here. So yes, it is a privilegeâ€"and we need to be sure everyone feels it as a privilege. As for the antidoteâ€"I am glad Hillary Clinton came through the primaries, and I think we should all be grateful to Senator Sanders for showing how much life and possibility there is in a system we are too ready to see as “rigged.” I borrow his languageâ€"I think he is a great refutation of its appropriateness. Another essay in the new book, “Humanism,” was particularly striking to me. You speak of neuroscience as being in many ways opposed to the humanities. A geologist studying the chemical makeup of rocks doesn’t negate the beauty of the mountains what is different about scientists studying the brain? My criticism is not of the study of the brainâ€"I am always in favor of studying anything. It is the extrapolations made from their observations I object to. Those I criticize fall back on the language and the conclusions of antique positivism, on the basis, usually, of heightened blood flow to some region of the brain, which is, considering the complexity of the brain, hardly to be called information. You speak often about the value of studying history. What do you think of the phenomenon that has been Hamilton? Have you seen it? Are there any under-appreciated historical figures that you wish would be brought to the foreground? I haven’t seen Hamilton, but I love all that it implies about the vitality of history. There are so many fine and moving souls in history I could never make a meaningful list. It would probably begin in the 14th century. And speaking of pop culture do you like Beyonce? I’m sure I would, if I knew who she is. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

The Dark Side Of The Movie Blue Gray - 1656 Words

The barely perceptible sound of the blunted edge on the hardened steel slicing through the air was music to his ears. The feel of the hilt across the palm of his hand and the brush of the pommel against the edges as he allowed the sword to swing freely in his grip while his fingers shifted to keep perfect control, was marvelous. The weight of the mail on his shoulders, the firm and supple padding underneath, down to very leather that had been worked, broken and molded to the contours of the arches of his feet - it all felt wondrous. He tuned out the murmurs of the people nearby as they watched. A few more lazy swings of the castle forged practice blade and he fell easily into his stance. Blue-gray eyes lifted to meet brown ones and with a†¦show more content†¦was experienced. He allowed Gwaine to nearly overtake him a few times as the clash of steel resounded again and again as Leon stayed for the most part on the defensive. He kept his features impassive, only offering a hint of surprise to show in his eyes for good measure. The brunette s blade flashed and spun as he executed his deadly dance. And then Leon saw it. It was the opening he had been waiting for years to see as he finally figured out how to counter the rogue s signature move. Gwaine s wrist twitched in a circular motion; one that could easily disarm many a man. Instead of fighting against it and trying to maintain his grip, he allowed Gwaine to easily disarm him. Quick as lightning he stepped into the rogue s space sweeping his foot behind the other man s ankle before catching his own sword and holding it above a very surprised Gwaine that was sprawled out on the ground. Around him the sounds of the world came back. First his own breath and heartbeat ringing in his ears, followed by gasps of astonishment and then cheers of amazement from the men around him. He breathed a silent sigh of relief as he secured his place before them as their commander. Leon stepped back and held out his hand to a very shocked Gwaine. The rogue stood and laughed, Wow, I have to say I m speechless. Leon chuckled and slapped him on the back before turning to the audience of men with a bow.Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Attributes Of A Condenser Microphone?1193 Words   |  5 Pages1 – What are the attributes of a Condenser Microphone? According to the book Cinematography by Kris Malkiewicz and M. David Mullen, ASC, a condenser microphone has both positive and negative sides; â€Å"they have a consistent and extended frequency response with a clarity lacking in most dynamic microphones† (Malkiewicz, Mullen, 161). First, a condenser microphone can be built a lot smaller than a dynamic microphone, it can be easily clipped on to the clothing of an actor. Secondly, the sound qualityRead MoreMy Happy Place At Paris Texas872 Words   |  4 Pagesdown here after my grandfather got out of the service. This town never stops impressing me, people help their neighbors out on their farms, restaurants provide free meals for the homeless and every Saturday night everyone from the town gathers for a movie in the park with their loved ones. But that is not the best part, my absolute favorite part of this small town, is a 3 bedroom, brown, brick house that lies on the end of a narrow dirt road. A place that can only be accessed by a four wheel driveRead MoreThe Outsiders By S. E Hinton Essay2486 Words   |  10 Pagesnovel and a movie. The novel was written by Susan Eloise Hinton, in 1965, where it took place in Tulsa, Oklahoma. After the book was published the movie, The Outsiders was produced in 1983 directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The author has a great sense of imagery. 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In its glare Trisha saw something with slumped shoulders standing on the far side of the road, something with black eyes and great cocked ears like horns. Perhaps they were horns. It wasnt human; nor did she think it was animal. It was a god. It was her god, the wasp-god, standing there in the rain. The girl who loved tom gordonRead MoreThe Common Era Fransisco Goya1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel proud of the man in the center as he displays true heroism. The soldiers are comical to me as all I can think about upon looking at them is the Winki Guard from the Wizard of Oz. The long coats and the tall fuzzy hats resemble those from the movie. Caravaggio’s painting is mysterious in the regard that the shadows conceal the men looking and pointing toward Matthew. To add to it everyone around the table is looking at them quite concerned and confused. Overall this painting doesn’t really appealRead MoreA Day With Eutopia. Can You Imagine, Loving A Man So Greatly,1414 Words   |  6 Pageslook perfect today , so I insisted that my mother put my breast length, curly mop of auburn hair into a neat French braid. I wore a pair of plain and sensible light blue jeans, a white spaghetti strap tank top, and over the top, a sheer, beige, scrunchy blouse that had a red floral patte rn and two vertical lace panels going down the side. Instead of tainting my smooth fifteen-year-old skin with loads of makeup, I chose to go with a freshly washed face, some mascara and a bit of lip balm. On my way

Different Types Of Leadership Styles - 1127 Words

Influence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and values his or hers goals. There are four different types of leadership approaches. The first style would be considered the most used. Level five Hierarchy involves five steps starting from highly capable individual trafficking its way to level five; executive. A lot of companies today use this type of style keeping employees in-house. This can cause a better environment for employees and the successfulness of one’s business. These leaders develop a solid foundation from the ground up, so that when one leaves, the company can fill that position and continue to thrive. An inspirational quote by Martin Luther King Jr. says, â€Å"Everybody can be great†¦because anybody can serve.† This quote perfectly relates to leadership. Before a person becomes a leader, they must learn from other and learn to serve others before appreciating and leading. Within organizations, servant leaders operate on two different levels. One being for the fulfillment of their subordinates goals and needs while the otherShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles976 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. 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To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by manyRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

“The interrogation” by Edwin Muir Free Essays

The poem â€Å"The interrogation† by Edwin Muir is about the different ways that people deal with and react in different situations. I think this poem is about a few emigrants who are illegally crossing the border to enter a country they are not lawfully permitted to. The interrogation that the poem talks about is the questioning that these people are put through by the law enforcement troops that these emigrants encounter at the border. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The interrogation† by Edwin Muir or any similar topic only for you Order Now We know that the poem is about this illegal emigration because at the beginning of the poem states, â€Å"and then came the patrol;† This confirms that there is a governmental group of people involved. I think the central opposition of the poem is about courage and fear. The way these people choose to handle the ‘interrogation’ determines whether or not they will be able to cross the border. If they answer with courage and confidence then they will be much more likely to be allowed through as opposed to if they answer with fear. We know that they reacted unwisely in this scenario because the poem says they â€Å"hesitated† in their approach to crossing the border. This is what led them to be interrogated by the â€Å"patrol†. This has a direct relation to real life; you are more likely to succeed in things that you handle with courage then those that you handle with fear, as fear leads to suspicion. These people are doing an illegal act and we know that they handle the situation with the wrong approach. We are further confirmed that what these people are doing is illegal when the poem says â€Å"Must come out now, who, what we are,† It conveys a sense of deception to the readers. I also think that according to the poem some people, that were confident and came as families were let through to cross the border with ease. This is supported because the poem says, â€Å"The careless lovers in pairs go by,† Near the end of the poem, the poet talks about the response and state of mind of these emigrants. The poem tells us that these people are getting more nervous as they are being questioned more and more. This is a build-up in the poem and it demonstrates how the people are increasingly getting more nervous as this interrogation progresses. We know so from the following lines, â€Å"And the thoughtless field is near. We are on the very edge, Endurance almost done, And still the interrogation is going on.† There is a contrast between the different groups of people shown in this poem because the people that are going in â€Å"pairs† tend not to â€Å"hesitate† when they cross the border, whereas these other people do. This is a contrast between the different ways that people handle situations. We can assume, from the evidence that I have given that it is an interrogation that questions the actions of these emigrants and why they are trying to cross the border. These would be regular routine questions. The fact that the poem is written using â€Å"we† shows that there is more than one and perhaps it’s a gang or group of people. However, the impression that is given to the readers is that these emigrants are innocent people just looking for a new home, rather than a group of criminals. The poem is written in clear language and has a lasting effect on the readers. It demonstrates how actions can determine where different people will end up in the long run. It gives the readers a chance to think of how and why some of the people were held back and interrogated while others weren’t and crossed this road without difficulty. The effect of the courage and fear aspects is significant and seems like it was the main intention of the reader to highlight those features in the poem. They happen to be very effective techniques in catching the reader’s attention. However, the poem is not so predictable and changes its style in which the points are pointed out to the reader often. How to cite â€Å"The interrogation† by Edwin Muir, Papers

Man vs. Woman free essay sample

The controversial issue of double standards, in regards to gender within culture, can clearly be spotted; however, neither man nor woman can seem to find the proper method to illustrate one another. To start off, in my family and Arab culture the man is expected to physically and morally attend to his wife. I believe this is done not only to show authority, but also dominance, although it is never said. The standards have changed and gotten much less strict since the olden days, not only in America but also back in the Middle East. My father would tell me stories which illustrate that the authority of the family is the male, even if he’s not the father; for example, my father had more power in the house over his older sisters but was also expected to respect his older brothers. The brother would have more authority and freedom over his sisters by being able to do things like date and go out late. We will write a custom essay sample on Man vs. Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This unbalance of freedom instills a sense of desperation to these young girls, that the man has ultimate superiority. In addition to the battle of authority arises the battle of who serves whom. Women in my culture are brought up being taught the ins and outs that are necessary to nurture your own child and become a great housewife. Just as Houston points out in her essay â€Å"Living in Two Cultures,† â€Å"It was also the time that I assumed the duties girls were supposed to do, like cooking, cleaning the house, washing and ironing clothes. † Here in America people may disagree, but the person being served is usually the money maker or the decision maker. These days in American society, it is the women that are served to first, whether it’s regarding who gets fed first or who massages whom. In both American and Arabic culture we are undergoing a subtle change in regards to who brings home the bacon. The change gives women the power to refuse service to men at will. This goes along with the fact that more and more women are becoming more independent and no longer need the man to pay for everything. In reality, it really comes down to who’s going to pay for everything like the wedding, the engagement ring, and necessities. There is no rule that says the man must buy the engagement ring for the woman, yet men are spending their life savings on a single—tangible item. This could be a sign of greed or a sign love. Many women these days seek men who are financially stable for different reasons. In my culture, the groom buys the bride dozens of gold bracelets, rings, necklaces, along with the price of the wedding itself. This is usually the groom’s way of showing his in-laws that he is able to care for their daughter. It sounds unfair if you ask me, but knowing your responsibilities as a human being, not man or woman, will help pave the way to equality. We as men and women acknowledge the fact that we perceive each other differently; nevertheless, we must strive to find a method to make our boundaries meet.

Civil War Battle of Stones River

Civil War Battle of Stones River The Battle of Stones River was fought December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). On the Union side,  Major General William S. Rosecrans  led 43,400 men while Confederate  General Braxton Bragg  led 37,712 men. Background In the wake of the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862, Confederate forces under General Braxton Bragg began retreating south from Kentucky. Reinforced by troops under Major General Edmund Kirby Smith, Bragg ultimately halted at Murfreesboro, TN. Renaming his command the Army of Tennessee, he began a massive overhaul of its leadership structure. When complete, the army was divided into two corps under Lieutenant Generals William Hardee and Leonidas Polk. The armys cavalry was led by the young Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler. Though a strategic victory for the Union, Perryville resulted in changes on the Union side as well. Displeased with the slowness of Major General Don Carlos Buell actions following the battle, President Abraham Lincoln relieved him in favor of Major General William S. Rosecrans on October 24. Though warned that inaction would lead to his removal, Rosecrans delayed in Nashville as he organized the Army of the Cumberland and re-trained his cavalry forces. Under pressure from Washington, he finally moved out on December 26. Planning for Battle Moving southeast, Rosecrans advanced in three columns led by Major Generals Thomas Crittenden, George H. Thomas, and Alexander McCook. Rosecrans line of advance was intended as a turning movement against Hardee whose corps was at Triune. Recognizing the danger, Bragg ordered Hardee to rejoin him at Murfreesboro. Approaching the town along the Nashville Turnpike and Nashville Chattanooga Railroad, Union forces arrived on the evening of December 29. The next day, Rosecrans men moved into line two miles northwest of Murfreesboro (Map). Much to Braggs surprise, Union forces did not attack on December 30. For December 31, both commanders developed similar plans calling for a strike against the others right flank. While Rosecrans intended to attack after breakfast, Bragg ordered his men to prepare to advance at dawn. For the assault, he shifted the bulk of Hardees corps to the west side of Stones River where it joined with Polks men. One of Hardees divisions, led by Major General John C. Breckinridge, remained on east side to the north of Murfreesboro. The Union plan called for Crittendens men to cross the river and attack the heights held by Breckinridges men. The Armies Clash While Crittenden was in the north, Thomas men held the Union center and McCooks formed the right flank. As his flank was not anchored on any substantial obstacle, McCook took measures, such as burning additional campfires, to deceive the Confederates as to the size of his command. Despite these measures, McCooks men bore the brunt of the first Confederate assault. Beginning around 6:00 AM on December 31, Hardees men moved forward. Catching the enemy by surprise, they overwhelmed Brigadier General Richard W. Johnsons division before Union resistance began to mount. To Johnsons left, Brigadier General Jefferson C. Davis division held briefly before beginning a fighting retreat to the north. Realizing that McCooks men were not capable of halting the Confederate advance, Rosecrans canceled Crittendens attack at 7:00 AM and began flying around the battlefield directing reinforcements south. Hardees assault was followed by a second Confederate attack led by Polk. Moving forward, Polks men met significantly stiffer resistance from Union forces. Having anticipated an early-morning attack Brigadier General Philip H. Sheridan had taken the necessary precautions. Sheridan Hazen Hold Mounting a vigorous defense, Sheridans men turned back numerous charges by the divisions of Major Generals Jones M. Withers and Patrick Cleburne while holding a small cedar forest that became known as the Slaughter Pen. By 10:00 AM, as Sheridans men battled, the bulk of McCooks command had formed a new line near the Nashville Turnpike. In the retreat, 3,000 men and 28 guns had been captured. Around 11:00 AM, Sheridans men began to run out of ammunition and were compelled to fall back. As Hardee moved to exploit the gap, Union troops worked to plug the line. A bit to the north, Confederate attacks against the brigade of Colonel William B. Hazen were repeatedly turned back. The only part of the original Union line to hold, the rocky, wooded area held by Hazens men became known as Hells Half-Acre. As fighting quieted, the new Union line was essentially perpendicular to its original position. Seeking to complete his victory, Bragg ordered part of Breckinridges division, along with units from Polks corps, to renew the attack on Hazen around 4:00 PM. These assaults were repulsed with heavy losses. Final Actions That night, Rosecrans called a council of war to determine a course of action. Deciding to stay and continue the fight, Rosecrans revived his original plan and ordered Brigadier General Horatio Van Cleves division (led by Colonel Samuel Beatty) to cross the river. While both sides remained in place on New Years Day, Rosecrans rear and supply lines were continuously harassed by Wheelers cavalry. Reports from Wheeler suggested that Union forces were preparing to retreat. Content to let them go, Bragg limited his actions on January 2 to ordering Breckinridge to clear Union forces from the high ground north of town. Though reluctant to attack such a strong position, Breckinridge ordered his men forward around 4:00 PM. Striking Crittenden and Beattys position, they succeeded in pushing some of the Union troops back across McFaddens Ford. In doing so, they ran into 45 guns arrayed by Captain John Mendenhall to cover the river. Taking severe losses, Breckinridges advance was checked and a swift Union counterattack by Brigadier General James Negleys division drove them back. Aftermath of the Battle of Stones River The following morning, Rosecrans was re-supplied and reinforced. Convinced that Rosecrans position would only get stronger and fearful that winter rains would raise the river and split his army, Bragg began retreating around 10:00 PM on January 3. His withdraw eventually halted at Tullahoma, TN. Bloodied, Rosecrans stayed at Murfreesboro and did not attempt a pursuit. Deemed a Union victory, the fighting raised Northern spirits following the recent disaster at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Transforming Murfreesboro into a supply base, Rosecrans remained until embarking on the Tullahoma Campaign the following June. The fighting at Stones River cost Rosecrans 1,730 killed, 7,802 wounded, and 3,717 captured/missing. Confederate losses were slightly less, numbering 1,294 killed, 7,945 wounded, and 1,027 captured/missing. Extremely bloody relative to the numbers engaged (43,400 vs. 37,712), Stones River saw the highest percentage of casualties of any major battle during the war. Following the battle, Bragg was severely criticized by other Confederate leaders. He only retained his post due to President Jefferson Davis inability to find a suitable replacement.

How to Use Adverbs to Express Time [English Business Writing]

How to Use Adverbs to Express Time [English Business Writing] As businesses become more international, so must our business writing. Fortunately, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there is some confusing grammar that global business writers need to watch. Let’s examine the advantage of using adverbs, instead of grammar, to express time. There are certain grammatical structures that show when two actions happen in relationship to each other. However, these structures are complicated and can be difficult for non-native speakers of English to understand. For example: Before I reported my findings to the team, I had attended the conference. This sentence is grammatically correct, but it is long and uses two different past tenses to show which action happened first. Instead, you can write this: First, I went to the conference. Then, I reported my findings to my team. The first example sounds more sophisticated, but the second example is easier to understand. This is because the second example uses short, direct sentences, the simple past tense, and the â€Å"First† and â€Å"Then† to show the relationship between the two events. The second example does not rely on complicated grammar to show the relationship between those two sentences. A quick review of adverbs There are two ways to understand adverbs – their grammatical job in the sentence and what questions they answer for you. Grammatically, adverbs have three jobs: They can describe a verb: He speaks eloquently. They can describe another adverb: He speaks very And, they can describe an adjective: He is quite Sometimes, though, it is easier to think about the questions that adverbs answer for us: How – He speaks eloquently. (Eloquently tells us how he speaks.) How much – We have staff meetings weekly. (Weekly tells us how much we have staff meetings.) When – First, we need to review the proposals. (First tells us when the action needs to occur.) It’s the last question, WHEN, that makes adverbs particularly useful in business writing. Using adverbs, instead of grammar, to describe time is easier to understand, and will usually force you to use shorter, more direct sentences that are often more explicit. Examples of adverbs of time are: First, second, third First, next, last In the beginning, In the end/At the end Now, Then Today, Tomorrow, Yesterday hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'c61cbd6e-f7ce-458b-af11-45f3cbe8af31', {}); Let’s look at one more example of how these adverbs of time work. Here is the complicated sentence: As a result of the challenging business climate, we will need to cut back on frivolous spending. AND The business climate is challenging. Now, we need to cut back on frivolous spending. The second example uses two shorter sentences that are more direct. It also uses the adverb of time â€Å"Now† to help orient the reader, instead of the complicated grammar of the first example. As you can see, writing for a global audience is not so different from good business writing. Short, clear, direct sentences help your reader to respond in a timely manner. Instructional Solutions offers Online Business Writing Courses that can help youwrite better work, to both domestic and global audiences.

Compare and contrast the transport planning models for passenger and Research Paper

Compare and contrast the transport planning models for passenger and freight transport - Research Paper Example Through such  information estimates are made about the effect of new  developments on  the amount of required  parking space and local  traffic volumes (Litman, 2012). Economic models focus on identifying  and comparing  the benefits  of certain  transportation improvements, like  the advantage  of expanding  a roadway or  improvement in public transit service.  They endeavor to  compare multifarious  classifications  of benefits and costs. They concentrate on  a comparatively  limited set of advantages.  For instance  they  often overlook  vehicle ownership cost savings and parking considerations that arise  due to  switching of travelers  from automobile travel to other  modes (TRB-Transportation Research Board). These models aim at anticipating the impact of  transportation improvements on land use patterns like the kind of  location and  development that  will evolve as a consequence of  improvement of  highway or transit service.  These are deemed to be  the best tools for analyzing  transportation programs and  policies (Litman, 2012).   The purpose of these  models is to  predict the effect of certain  vehicle  transport policies and projects on  fuel consumption  and pollution emissions. However  it is observed  that  traditional models mostly underscore  emission reductions and expansion of roadways while they  undermine  TDM strategies (Slack, 2013). Transport planning models for freight transport  focus more  on quantitative factors like  operating costs,  travel speed  and crash rates etc while planning models for passenger transport give more consideration to  qualitative factors like  travel convenience,  security and comfort of passengers (Slack,

The Great American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Great American Dream - Essay Example The dream has limits and has its own laws which is something Jay Gatsby learns to his unfortunate detriment at the end of the story. America is known as the new world, a land of immigrants. So many people came to America, leaving their poor old lives behind. They came from countries with few economic opportunities, with little freedom. Some came with only five dollars in their pocket. In America, because of capitalism, they could become almost anything if they worked hard and had a good idea. In one generation a family could change from peasants or paupers to a rich and well-heeled family. There was enough money for almost everyone. This was all part of the good side of the American dream: that if you worked hard you could achieve anything for yourself and your family. However, there is also a sadder, darker side to the dream. Some people fall in love with the dream itself rather than the self-improvement and hard work that are the foundation of the dream. Gatsby is one of these people. He is very charming and suave but he holds a big secret. He is living a life only on the surface. Gatsby may be rich, but in a way he is living a dream. He thinks he can go back in the past and make the wrong things right again, he thinks he can make Daisy love him again. One of the most famous scenes in the novel unfolds like this: In a way Gatsby is delusional. He has bought into a dream that financially rewarded him, but the substance of the dream is gone—all that is left is the material husk, shiny and rich, but with nothing real inside it. He has bought the shape of the dream, but not the American dream itself. This is especially brought home at the end of the novel when Nick tries to piece together Gatsby’s life from what he has learned. Gatsby is now dead, and Nick is sympathetic. He imagines the young Gatsby for whom the world once

Nick Carraway as Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Ess

The Role of Nick Carraway as Narrator of The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald presents a specific portrait of American society during the roaring twenties and tells the story of a man who rises from the gutter to great riches. This man, Jay Gatsby, does not realize that his new wealth cannot give him the privileges of class and status. Nick Carraway who is from a prominent mid-western family tells the story. Nick presents himself as a reliable narrator, when actually several events in the novel prove he is an unreliable narrator. Although Nick Carraway may be an unreliable narrator, he is the best narrator for the novel because he creates the correct effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nick Carraway wants the reader to think his upbringing gave him the moral character to observe others and not pass judgment on them. If this were true he would be a reliable narrator. A hint to Nick's true moral character is given on the first page of the novel when he misunderstands his father's advice. His father said, "Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages you've had." Clearly his father was telling him of the importance of not criticizing others, but Nick interprets this as a judgment on others (Donaldson 131). This shows how Nick's upbringing has actually made him a judgmental snob toward others. He is not partial; he judges and condemns nearly every character in the novel. He says Tom Buchanan has "Straw hair, a hard mouth, a supercilious manner, and a cruel body with which he pushes people around." Daisy Buchanan is described as insincere and snobbishly t hinks she "has been everywhere, and seen everything and done everything." Myrtle Wilson is sai... ...ich distorts everything. Nick is partial to Jay Gatsby because Gatsby has the guts to chase after his dreams. Gatsby represents the American dream; he rose up from the gutter to fabulous wealth and gets the chance to pursue the girl he loves.   He will never be able to have her though because he does not have the same class or status as Daisy.    Works Cited Daley, Linda. The Great Gatsby Website. 16 July 2000.  Ã‚   <http://www.geocities.com/andrew_dilling/ Donaldson, Scott. "Fresh Approaches." Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.   New York: G.K. Hall and Co. 1984. 131-32. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby.  Ã‚   New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. 34. Taylor, Douglas. " Using a Dramatic Narrator to Present a Bifocal View." Readings on The Great Gatsby. Ed. Katie de Koster. San Diego: The Greenhaven Press, 1998. 147 - 51.

Employee Diversity Assignment Essay

The most fundamental of the definition of employee diversity are focus on race, gender, nationality, age. According to (Nancy R, June 2005), fast technological change, globalization, the demand for skills and education, an aging workforce and greater ethnic diversification in the labor market have greatly influenced the arrangement of diversity today. Today’s definition of employee diversity includes race, age, ethnicity, gender or personality and work style, secondary influence such as religion, socioeconomics and education. Nowadays, employee diversity is very population the work place. It has advantages also accompanied by the disadvantages. 2. Advantages of employee diversity to the organizations 2. 1. Advantage of Language diversity: In the organization if the employees are speaking different languages, it may bring some benefits to the organization. For example, in the one company if the staffs speak not only one language, when the company need some staff to go overseas to join some meetings or do some inspections and research. So the company can only pick up some staffs that can speak those countries’ languages and send them for the meetings or inspections instead of find out some translators or even spend money to hire some consultants. It really can save the expenditure for the company. Nowadays, if a company want to be succeed, it really need to be able to better integrate into this world and also need to broaden their horizons. The employees are the main force of the company; their performances are really affecting the company’s future. The employees’ language diversity can help the company to explore more overseas markets and make them more competitive. 2. 2. Advantage of Gender diversity Gender diversity also has its own advantages for organization. In an era, people change their ways of thinking the gender diversity in the work place. They realized that not only men can do every work in the work place. Now, women are becoming more and more important in organization. Nowadays women have the skill set for the new competitive demands of technical work. Companies agree that they need more technical leaders with varied skills such as interpersonal skills and business skills. 93% of technical leaders in a survey indentified the building of collaborative networks in an organization as a crucial component of leadership (White, B, 2006). Women have the skills to meet the new demands of technological work both in terms of technical and interpersonal skills (Tray, L, 2007). Of course interpersonal skills are really needed in the organization; it is very useful and helpful for running the organization. All those show that women are indeed more suitable for certain parts of organization. These are also the advantages of gender diversity. 2. 3. Advantage of Age diversity Age diversity has its own advantages in the workplace. Nowadays in the work place, there are many different age levels of workers. One part of them is old workers. More and more old workers in the work place are the current trend. Because now, people are retiring much later in life than before and their careers are extended in the present day. According to the research by United States Department of Labor shows that between 1977 and 2007 employment of workers 65 and over increased 101 percent, compared to a much smaller increase of 59 percent for total employment (16 and over). For those older workers they all worked long time in the work place, definitely they got more experience and knowledge than the young age workers. Those of them can transfer knowledge and experience to the new workers. It can help the organization save the expenditure for sending the new workers for training. And the old workers’ experience can help the new workers avoid some common mistakes. In the other hand, nowadays in the work place there are also many young age workers. They also can bring the benefits to the organization. Compare with older workers, younger workers are more creative and innovation. They can help the organization to make better decision and improve problem solving (Harvey, Carol P; M. June Allard, 2012). Nowadays, if the organization wants to remain competitive, it should encourage the staff to distribute a variety of ideas which leads to higher levels of innovation. This part of workers is really a new vitality of organization and they can help organization to keep up with the pace of the times. 3. The problems of employee diversity Consider the employee diversity in the work place. Besides the benefits, there are many problems come out as well. And all these problems may lead to loss for the organization. Below two problems are very common in the work place. 3. 1. Communication problem Communication barriers will lead to problems in the organization. For example, if a manager gives instructions about completing a task to a staff. But this staff fails to fully understanding the instructions because of the language barrier. And then the staff may make mistakes if he tries to complete the task without receiving clarify or even don’t know what the task it is. This problem will cause the delay of the task complete or even fail. It will really cause the losses for the company. And if during a team work, the staffs have communication problem. It will affect the efficiency of work and sometimes it will affect the relationships of the teammates. And also because of the employees may come from different countries, so they may have their own work styles and behaviors and those situations also can cause communication problems among the employees. And finally affect the organization’s benefit. 3. 2. Gender discrimination problem Gender discrimination is another very common phenomenon in the work place. According to the traditional thinking, women have been considered intellectually inferior to men and men are more capable than women at work. Thus, in the workplace, under the same conditions men will get more opportunity to be promoted than women. Same as in the management level, women’s suggestion and ideas sometimes will be ignored or unaccepted. Above phenomenon have also can led to the lack of teamwork and inefficiency work. And this is also a reason of pay-gap between male and female workers. Sometimes the gender discrimination even happened in the recruitment. During the interview men really get high chance to get the job than women. According to a survey conducted by the center for Women’s law and legal services of Peking University in 2009 (Women’s Law and Legal services, 2009). This survey researched 3,000 female employees over one year’s time and got the results by analyzing data interviewed some women employees. According to employers set different criteria in recruitment and women have to have excellent performance than their male competitors in interview to get the same job. More than 1/3 of those women said that male employees are easy to get promoted and priority is always given to male employees. This is fully illustrated gender discrimination really happened in the work place and it becomes a big problem in the workplace. . Solutions to the problem of employee diversity Regarding the problems of employee diversity in the work place, we need to get some solutions to avoid or solve them. In case of these problems damage the interests of organization. Solution to communication problem: ? Training: Employees could be provided proper training to receive in certain language courses if they have language barriers. They also need to be trained how to use the organization internally information system such as telephone system, e-mail system. Set a SOP for staff to check the work has been access properly: Communication problem always caused by misunderstanding and ambiguity and finally lead to loss for the organization. The organization leaders can set some SOPs for staff to make sure the work and information has been implemented properly. In the SOPs may include the instructions of work process and double check procedures. 2. Solutions of gender discrimination: ? Set the relevant regulation of gender discriminations: Make sure the employee handbook includes anti-gender discrimination policies. Create clear examples of gender discrimination to clarify any questions employees may have. And organize the staffs review and test regularly. ? Put reflected box in the work place: In the organization it can be set the reflected box in the work place to encourage and promote the staff to reflect any problems especially the gender discrimination. Once the phenomenon happened, the organization should resolve it quickly and given the appropriate punishment. 4. Conclusion The employee diversity is a reflection of a present trend of this times. Diverse work teams can bring high value and benefit to organizations.

Overall Average Of Grades 6-8 Students Aspire Math Content...

Overall Average of Grades 6-8 Student Aspire Math Content Standards by Poverty Level Math Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Non-Poverty 25.17 35.73 29.09 10.58 Poverty 27.07 35.94 27.79 8.22 The data charts above indicate that students identified as living in poverty display a pattern of lower achievement scores at Brindlee Mountain Middle when compared to classmates not considered as living in poverty. However, the gap in achievement between poverty and non-poverty students is not substantial enough to be identified as the source of the achievement gap at Brindlee Mountain Middle School. Sixth grade poverty level students at BMMS meeting or exceeding the content standard level on the 2014-2015 ACT Aspire were at or above the average for the Marshall County School District, but were below that of the neighboring city schools analyzed. Based on the data above, Brindlee Mountain Middle School and Marshall County District demonstrate lower student achievement scores when compared to the surrounding city school systems. While the Marshall County School District share the same county and geographical location as the two city systems compared, the student achievement data in the city systems is dramatically higher in middle school math. 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